{"id":42,"date":"2026-06-07T00:59:19","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T00:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.phantram.online\/ti-le-phan-tram-trong-thong-ke\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T02:16:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T02:16:27","slug":"ti-le-phan-tram-trong-thong-ke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/ti-le-phan-tram-trong-thong-ke\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ec9 L\u1ec7 Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Trong Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea: C\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ecdc V\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch S\u1ed1 Li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (%) so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/thong-ke-co-ban\/\">th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a>, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tan-suat-bang-tan-so\/\">t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/a>, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y, \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tinh-phan-tram\/\"><strong>c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/strong><\/a> trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ec9 L\u1ec7 Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Trong Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea L\u00e0 G\u00ec? T\u1ea1i Sao Quan Tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (%) c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin &#8220;per centum&#8221; \u2014 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;tr\u00ean 100&#8221;. Trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 50\/1000 v\u1edbi 30\/500 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0ng 5% vs 6% th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea:<\/strong> M\u1ecdi b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t % \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> &#8220;40% h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ecfi&#8221; d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n &#8220;8 tr\u00ean 20 h\u1ecdc sinh&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Theo d\u00f5i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> % t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, % thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p Trong B\u1ea3ng Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea<\/h2>\n<h3>1. T\u1ea7n Su\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i (%) \u2014 Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tan-suat-bang-tan-so\/\">t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:12px;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;\">\n<strong>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t (%) = (T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \/ T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 quan s\u00e1t) \u00d7 100%<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#e8f4fd\">\n<th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<th>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi)<\/th>\n<th>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t (%)<\/th>\n<th>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Xe m\u00e1y<\/td>\n<td>110<\/td>\n<td>55%<\/td>\n<td>55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Xe bu\u00fdt<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>24%<\/td>\n<td>79%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Taxi\/Grab<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>13%<\/td>\n<td>92%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Xe \u0111\u1ea1p<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>5%<\/td>\n<td>97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110i b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>3%<\/td>\n<td>100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f9f9f9\">\n<td><strong>T\u1ed5ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>200<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc b\u1ea3ng:<\/strong> 55% ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng xe m\u00e1y (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 mode \u2014 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t). 79% ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng xe m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c xe bu\u00fdt (t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y).<\/p>\n<h3>2. Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m T\u00edch L\u0169y \u2014 \u0110\u1ecdc Ph\u00e2n V\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y (%) cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Median (Q2 = P50):<\/strong> Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u1ea1t 50%<\/li>\n<li><strong>Q1 (P25):<\/strong> Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y = 25%<\/li>\n<li><strong>Q3 (P75):<\/strong> Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y = 75%<\/li>\n<li><strong>P90:<\/strong> Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y = 90% (d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u trong x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tan-suat-bang-tan-so\/\">t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/a>, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u1ea1t 50% t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m 7 \u2192 Median = 7 \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Thay \u0110\u1ed5i (% Change)<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa hai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n<p style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:12px;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;\">\n<strong>% Thay \u0111\u1ed5i = (Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi &#8211; Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169) \/ Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 \u00d7 100%<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Doanh thu th\u00e1ng 1: 500 tri\u1ec7u. Th\u00e1ng 2: 575 tri\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n% Thay \u0111\u1ed5i = (575 &#8211; 500) \/ 500 \u00d7 100% = <strong>+15%<\/strong> (t\u0103ng 15%)<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kinh doanh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Ph\u1ea7n (Part\/Whole Percentage)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:12px;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;\">\n<strong>% = (Ph\u1ea7n \/ T\u1ed5ng) \u00d7 100%<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n. Xem h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tinh-phan-tram\/\">c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/a> \u2014 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ecdc V\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch S\u1ed1 Li\u1ec7u Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Trong B\u00e1o C\u00e1o Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea<\/h2>\n<h3>Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea % hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed5ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng 100% (tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n s\u1ed1).<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n m\u1eabu:<\/strong> 100% n\u00e0y l\u00e0 100% c\u1ee7a g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi? T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m? R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ecm mode:<\/strong> C\u1ed9t % cao nh\u1ea5t = gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (mode).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb t\u1eeb t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y:<\/strong> T\u00ecm h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1eeba v\u01b0\u1ee3t 50% \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh median.<\/li>\n<li><strong>So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> Khi so s\u00e1nh 2 b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu, ch\u1ec9 so s\u00e1nh %, kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>B\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ecdc % trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/h3>\n<p><strong>B\u1eaby 1: % of what?<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8220;Doanh thu t\u0103ng 50%&#8221; \u2014 50% c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc? N\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc? Ng\u00e0nh? Lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi m\u1eabu s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u1eaby 2: Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m vs \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/strong><br \/>\nL\u00e3i su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 4% l\u00ean 6% \u2014 t\u0103ng 2 <em>\u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/em> (percentage points), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng 2%. Th\u1ef1c ra t\u0103ng 50% [(6-4)\/4 \u00d7 100%]. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u00f9ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u1eaby 3: Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8220;T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m 20%&#8221; khi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111ang l\u00e0 10% kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng -10%. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 10% \u00d7 (1 &#8211; 20%) = 8%.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Trong C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3 Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea<\/h2>\n<h3>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f2n (Pie Chart) \u2014 100% v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c = 360\u00b0 = 100%. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm g\u00f3c = T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 % \u00d7 3.6\u00b0.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng pie chart khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 6 ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ea7n nhau (kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n<h3>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t (%) \u2014 So s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c quan<\/h3>\n<p>Khi v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t d\u00f9ng tr\u1ee5c Y l\u00e0 % thay v\u00ec t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng stacked bar chart v\u1edbi %, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ogive \u2014 Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u00edch l\u0169y theo th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y (ogive) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb, so s\u00e1nh hai ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf: Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Trong C\u00e1c L\u0129nh V\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<h3>Trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec3m thi<\/h3>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#e8f4fd\">\n<th>X\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<th>Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh<\/th>\n<th>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 %<\/th>\n<th>% T\u00edch l\u0169y<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>\n<td>9-10<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>8%<\/td>\n<td>8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gi\u1ecfi<\/td>\n<td>8-8.9<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>22%<\/td>\n<td>30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kh\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>6.5-7.9<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>45%<\/td>\n<td>75%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>5-6.4<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>18%<\/td>\n<td>93%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u1ebfu\/K\u00e9m<\/td>\n<td>&lt;5<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>7%<\/td>\n<td>100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#f9f9f9\">\n<td><strong>T\u1ed5ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td><strong>100<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc b\u1ea3ng:<\/strong> 70% h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1 tr\u1edf l\u00ean (30% + 45%). 93% h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh tr\u1edf l\u00ean. 7% h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3>Trong kinh doanh: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n = (Doanh thu c\u00f4ng ty \/ T\u1ed5ng doanh thu th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng) \u00d7 100%<br \/>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 % ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kinh doanh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n<h3>Trong y t\u1ebf: T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong = (S\u1ed1 ca t\u1eed vong \/ T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ca m\u1eafc) \u00d7 100%<br \/>\nT\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t 5 n\u0103m sau ung th\u01b0 = s\u1ed1 % b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng sau 5 n\u0103m \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 y t\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3>Trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: ROI v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn %<\/h3>\n<p>ROI (Return on Investment) = (L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \/ V\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0) \u00d7 100%<br \/>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 % quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng C\u1ee5 H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 T\u00ednh Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Trong Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea<\/h2>\n<p>Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i % kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 sau r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Excel\/Google Sheets:<\/strong> H\u00e0m COUNTIF, SUMIF cho t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1; chia v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n 100% cho t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh online:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\"><strong>1phantram.com<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 t\u00ednh nhanh m\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m: ph\u1ea7n\/t\u1ed5ng, % thay \u0111\u1ed5i, % so s\u00e1nh<\/li>\n<li><strong>Python:<\/strong> Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n pandas v\u1edbi value_counts(normalize=True) \u00d7 100<\/li>\n<li><strong>R:<\/strong> H\u00e0m prop.table() t\u00ednh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m N\u00e2ng Cao: Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m Trong Ki\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea<\/h2>\n<h3>P-value l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>P-value trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t (0-100%) quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft null l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. P-value < 5% (0.05) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \"c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea\".<\/p>\n<h3>Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady 95%<\/h3>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady 95% (95% Confidence Interval) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, 95% kho\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng % quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1eeb Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea \u0110\u1ebfn T\u00ednh Ph\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m \u2014 Li\u00ean K\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c D\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u2014 t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/trung-binh-cong-la-gi\/\">trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/trung-vi-median-la-gi\/\">trung v\u1ecb<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/mode-yeu-vi-la-gi\/\">mode<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/phuong-sai-do-lech-chuan\/\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n<\/a>, \u0111\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tan-suat-bang-tan-so\/\">t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/a> \u2014 \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng: \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i con s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tinh-phan-tram\/\"><strong>h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/a> t\u1ea1i 1phantram.com \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i = t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \/ t\u1ed5ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n (0.40). Khi nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 100 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (40%). Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean, tr\u1eeb khi c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1. 40% c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m A (100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) + 60% c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m B (50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng 100% \u2014 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh 50% m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m. Ph\u1ea3i quy v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u00e0 h\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m (non-decreasing function). M\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 0%. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u00edch l\u0169y gi\u1ea3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang 100%?<\/h3>\n<p>Do l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n s\u1ed1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1\/3 \u2248 33.3%, 1\/3 \u2248 33.3%, 1\/3 \u2248 33.3% \u2192 t\u1ed5ng = 99.9%, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 100%. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd: l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00fang 100%, ho\u1eb7c ghi ch\u00fa &#8220;do l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 100%&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00e2m?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eaby th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ed1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi d\u01b0\u01a1ng (ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i), ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng %. Xem th\u00eam t\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tinh-phan-tram\/\">h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u2014 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e0o ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t %. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t %, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y %, ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i cu\u1ed1i trong chu\u1ed7i cluster th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00f4n l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, xem <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/thong-ke-co-ban\/\">h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb A-Z<\/a>. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, h\u00e3y bookmark ngay <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/tinh-phan-tram\/\"><strong>trang t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/a> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"background:#f0f7ff;padding:15px;border-left:4px solid #0066cc;\"><strong>\ud83d\udd22 D\u00f9ng ngay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh % t\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/1phantram.com\">1phantram.com<\/a><\/strong> \u2014 T\u00ednh m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea: t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t, % thay \u0111\u1ed5i, % t\u00edch l\u0169y, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u2014 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (%) so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap so&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-huong-dan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57,"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42\/revisions\/57"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1phantram.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}